Neonatal resuscitation is a critical procedure performed to support newborns who are unable to initiate or sustain adequate breathing at birth. It involves a series of well-coordinated steps to assess and stabilize the neonate. Initially, healthcare providers evaluate the newborn's heart rate, respiratory effort, and muscle tone. If the baby is not breathing or has a heart rate below 100 beats per minute, immediate interventions are required.

The first step is to provide warmth and clear the airway, followed by gentle stimulation to encourage spontaneous breathing. If these measures are insufficient, positive pressure ventilation (PPV) with a bag and mask is administered to deliver breaths to the baby. If the heart rate remains low despite effective ventilation, chest compressions are initiated, coordinated with ventilation to enhance oxygen delivery. In some cases, medication such as epinephrine may be administered to stimulate heart function. Throughout the resuscitation process, continuous assessment and adjustments are made based on the baby's response.

Very few neonates do not respond to these basic processes, and in those cases, more complex resuscitation techniques such as:

• The intubation process
• Compressions on the chest
• Medications